Ventilator associated pneumonia is the most frequent presentation of hospital acquired infection of the lower respiratory tract. Microaspirations around the tracheal tube cuff and the formation of biofilm can lead to progressive bacterial spread in HAP vs VAP treatment: a flowchart Surgical Focus Should Ventilator Associated Events become a Quality Indicator for ICUs? Michael Klompas, Lorenzo Berra, 2016 Ventilator associated pneumoniaUnderstanding epidemiology and pathogenesis to guide prevention and empiric therapy ScienceDirect Frontiers The role of VAP 1 in cardiovascular disease: a review The Vexing Problem of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: Observations on Pathophysiology, Public Policy, and Clinical Science Richard H Kallet, 2015